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July 17, 2004
Knowing That and Knowing How
I've begun delving into the literature recently on the difference between knowing that and knowing how (re-delving, actually, but that's neither here nor there). I've been quite surprised to find that it almost all jumps off from Ryle's discussion of the topic in The Concept of Mind which I believe was published @ 1950. I see hardly any mention of this topic other than in response to Ryle, and not much on the topic pre-Ryle. This strikes me as odd for such an important epistemological distinction (I realize that the distinction was recognized, pre-Ryle -- I'm wondering if it was philosophically analyzed). Am I missing a mountain of books/journals/articles out there (perhaps in the non-analytic tradition)? Or did Ryle really essentially begin this discussion?
Posted by dbzdak at July 17, 2004 3:59 AM
Comments
Dave,
I've wondered about that myself. I wish I could offer some help. The only thing that comes to mind is Cook Wilson, but I don't think he published much.
-Chuck
Posted by: chuck at July 17, 2004 9:36 AM
Here's some notes from a fellow in Edinburgh, with a nice little Bibliography:
http://homepages.ed.ac.uk/wpollard/knowinghowthat.pdf
Also, I saw:
Snowdon, Paul. "Knowing How and Knowing That: A Distinction Reconsidered" Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society 104:1 Sep 2003.
Posted by: chuck at July 18, 2004 9:02 AM
Arguable one of the great discussions in ancient chinese thought was precisely about the knowing how & knowling that, with the Daoists perhaps holding that knowing that is useless without knowing how. If you want to read more I would suggest Chad Hansen's ingightful book, A Daoist theory of chinese thought.
Cheers David
Posted by: David Hunter at July 20, 2004 7:55 PM
While it doesn't fit exactly into Ryle's distinction, one could also bring up Heidegger and his distinction between present-at-hand and ready-at-hand. Present at hand was more propositional knowledge and he inverted the usual relationship saying that read-at-hand or utility was more fundamental. One could, I suppose, move to the Ryle distinction with Heidegger in his middle phase arguing that knowledge-how is more fundamental than knowledge-that. I think one would have to be careful though.
Posted by: clarkgoble at July 20, 2004 8:36 PM
Gosh that was truly terrible spelling. The Daoist story which is supposed to to illustrate this distinction is from (I think) Zhuangzi and is the story of wheel wright Slab, basically the story goes that a Duke is wandering round studying one of the books of the Sages and this lowly Wheelwright laughs at him being a Duke he basically says tell me whats so funny and you better have a good reason for laughing or off with your head. The wheel wright says pardon me Duke but I don't understand why you are wasting your time with the leavings of the Sages. "What" goes the Duke! the wheelwright says well I am growing old and I am trying to teach my son how to bend wood to make wheels, I have taught him everything I know, what to do when making a wheel, still he cannot do it. When I die all I will leave behind is him, and as a wheelwright he will be no good, what I can't teach him is the skill I have, it is the same thing with reading the Sages, what made them Sages cannot be found in their leavings.
There is a fair bit throughout Zhuangzi (Also know as Chuang-Tzu) to do with this distinction usually making the point that skill is more important than knowledge.
Posted by: David Hunter at July 20, 2004 8:45 PM
Thanks all. Very helpful. I'm finding some stuff here and there on my own as well. Much obliged.
Dave Bzdak
Posted by: Dave at July 21, 2004 2:50 AM
Uriah also just put a post up on this subject at
http://www.arizonaphilosophy.com/index.php?p=49
Posted by: marksteen at July 22, 2004 12:26 PM
I believe there is a wealth of resources on the topic from a cog sci perspective, would that help at all?
Posted by: Timothy J Scriven at February 7, 2006 3:39 AM
Aristoteles, Ethic Nicomachus : chapter 2
Posted by: tito at June 30, 2006 8:38 PM
Dave, I'm a teacher in South Carolina. Try taking a look at Jane R. Martin's work entitled "On the Reduction of "Knowing That" to "Knowing How". This is in Language and Concepts in Education, edited by B. O. Smith and R. H. Ennis. Chicago:Rand McNally Company, 1961, pp. 399-404.
Posted by: Douglas Noel at July 13, 2006 12:44 PM
i am a professor at Cambridge university. i am experienced in the teachings of T.O.K I am very exicted and intereseted when i meet people like myself who know the refreneces to knowing.
Please email me if any questions. i am looking to hearing from you.
Posted by: Fabiola Gumbow at October 12, 2006 2:33 PM